Page 13 - A Fortiori Logic: Innovations, History and Assessments

AVI SION / A FORTIORI LOGIC 7

32. A fortiori in various lexicons ............................................................................................... 578
1. The Jewish Encyclopedia .................................................................................................... 578
2. Encyclopaedia Judaica ........................................................................................................ 579
3. Encyclopedia Talmudit ........................................................................................................ 583
4. How to define a fortiori ....................................................................................................... 584
5. Various dictionaries and encyclopedias .............................................................................. 585
6. Wikipedia ............................................................................................................................ 590
33. Conclusions and prospects .................................................................................................. 593
1. My past errors and present improvements ........................................................................... 593
2. Historical research into logic ............................................................................................... 594
3. Assessing contemporaries ................................................................................................... 596
4. Perspectives ......................................................................................................................... 598
APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................. 600
1. A fortiori discourse in the Jewish Bible .................................................................................. 600
2. A fortiori discourse in the Mishna ........................................................................................... 605
3. A fortiori discourse in the two Talmuds .................................................................................. 623
4. A fortiori discourse by Plato and Aristotle .............................................................................. 630
1. Plato ..................................................................................................................................... 630
2. Aristotle ............................................................................................................................... 632
5. A fortiori discourse in other world literature ........................................................................... 639
1. Ancient literature ................................................................................................................. 640
2. More recent literature .......................................................................................................... 642
6. Logic in the Torah ................................................................................................................... 645
7. Some logic topics of general interest ....................................................................................... 661
1. About modern symbolic logic ............................................................................................. 661
2. The triviality of the existential import doctrine ................................................................... 664
3. The vanity of the tetralemma ............................................................................................... 672
4. The Liar paradox (redux) .................................................................................................... 675
5. The Russell paradox (redux) ............................................................................................... 679
Main References ........................................................................................................................... 689

Please note that the Appendices are integral parts of the present work, to be studied in conjunction with the
chapters in which they are mentioned. Also, the footnotes throughout this volume are intended to be read; they
often contain important additional information or reflection.

As regards the spelling of foreign words, no great effort has been made here to harmonize it. The same word
may have different spellings in different contexts. Very often, the spelling used depends on the spelling others
prefer, who are discussed in the given context. The reader is asked to be indulgent in this matter.